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space shuttle endeavour born out of the

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loss of the space shuttle challenger in

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1986 represented a commitment to

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continuing america's human spaceflight

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program

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the nation's decision to build endeavor

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set the stage for dramatic missions to

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come

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the last of five orbiters to be built

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for space flight endeavor was named in a

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national competition by elementary and

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secondary school students after the 18th

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century sailing vessel commanded by

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captain james cook

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construction of endeavor began with its

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contract award on july 31 1987 to

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replace challenger which was lost 73

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seconds after launch on january 28 1986.

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endeavour was outfitted with many safety

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improvements including a drag chute to

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be deployed post landing and nose wheel

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steering to improve wear on the tires

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during rollout on the runway

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additionally endeavour's plumbing was

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designed for a state-of-the-art addition

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allowing for longer stays in space

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endeavor was delivered to nasa's kennedy

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space center from its palmdale

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california construction site in may

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1991.

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endeavour's flight history has included

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some of the shuttle program's most

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memorable flights starting with its very

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first mission sts-49 in may 1992

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just one year after endeavour first

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arrived at the kennedy space center for

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final processing

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the primary goal of that mission was to

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rescue the intelsat 6 satellite stranded

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in low earth orbit after launch atop an

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expendable rocket

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it would be outfitted with a new motor

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designed to boost the communications

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satellite to its operational orbit 22

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thousand miles above the earth ignition

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and liftoff of the maiden voyage of

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for two spacewalks astronauts pierre

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thewet and rick tried to place a

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specially designed grapple bar on

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intelsat to facilitate its capture with

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the shuttle's robot arm when those

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attempts failed the crew and mission

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control devised a dramatic plan calling

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for the and a third astronaut tom

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akers to reach up and grab the huge

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satellite by hand

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yeah we're watching down here we've got

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a lot of smiles down here dad

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it was and still is the only spacewalk

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ever performed by three people

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the flight set a host of other records

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including the most spacewalks on a

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shuttle mission to date

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the longest spacewalk to date and the

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endeavour continued that trend on its

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second mission sts-47 in september 1992

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a flight that conducted japanese

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research in a laboratory in the cargo

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bay

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the crew included the first

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african-american female to fly in space

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astronaut mae jemison i think the

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important thing is for people to

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understand and to know that yes we are

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we do have and are willing to

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accept women and minorities at

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minorities as astronauts and

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i hope that i'm just the first in a long

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line of

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african american women who will be

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involved in the space program

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and we have liftoff liftoff of the space

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shuttle endeavour on an ambitious

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mission to service the hubble space

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telescope

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in december 1993 endeavour was called

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upon to carry out the most ambitious

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shuttle mission to date on sts-61 the

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first hubble space telescope servicing

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endeavor has a firm handshake with mr

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hubble's telescope

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with the world riveted on the mission's

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every move seven astronauts restored

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hubble's vision during an unprecedented

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five spacewalks

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the back-to-back evas were completed by

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two teams of spacewalkers who outfitted

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hubble with a corrective optics

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instrument called costar

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installed a second generation wide field

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planetary camera

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look how stable you left that

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almost like a bird look at it

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and replaced hubble's solar arrays the

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endeavour further pushed the boundaries

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of shuttle missions in march 1995.

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on sts-67 it flew an astronomy mission

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that became the longest shuttle flight

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to date amassing over 16 days 15 hours

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in orbit conducting its studies with the

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suite of astro-1 science instruments in

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the payload bay

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the mission showcased the capabilities

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of the shuttle's fine steering jets a

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system used to hold the instruments

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stable enough to focus on the stars and

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celestial phenomena as endeavors circled

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the earth at more than 17 000 miles per

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hour

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two later missions for endeavor

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continued the spacecraft's expansion of

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shuttle capabilities

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on sts-69 in september 1995

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endeavour became the first shuttle to

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release and recapture two satellites

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during a single mission

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and later on mission sts-77 in may 1996

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endeavour completed a record four

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rendezvous in orbit with a research

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platform called

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spartan and ready to fly

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two years later in december 1998

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endeavor was used to christen a new era

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in world space exploration

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sts-88 would be the first international

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space station assembly mission

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in endeavour's payload bay was the node

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1 unity module the first u.s component

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of the space station

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zarya the russian functional cargo block

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module had been flown to orbit a few

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weeks earlier on a russian proton rocket

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from kazakhstan

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after endeavour's rendezvous with zarya

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mission specialist nancy curry used the

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shuttle's robotic arm to capture zarya

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and mated it to unity completing the

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very first iss assembly operation here's

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weak copy congratulations to the crew of

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the good ship endeavor that's terrific

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several days later endeavour's crew

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became the first to board the new

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international space station

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mission commander bob cabana and russian

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cosmonaut sergey krikalov opened the

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hatches and entered the new

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international outpost together

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uh we are so pleased and excited and

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proud to be

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a part of the team that made this happen

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and our special thanks to

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all the iss folks all their hard work we

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remember when unity was just an aluminum

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shell

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and it is a truly fine piece of hardware

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when endeavour made its next trip to the

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international space station on sts-97 in

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late november 2000 the space station was

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occupied by the expedition 1 crew and

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endeavour became the first shuttle to

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visit a crew aboard the station

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during sts-97 endeavor was used to

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deliver and install the first set of u.s

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solar arrays the hatches stayed closed

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between endeavour and the station for

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five days to allow the shuttle crew to

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conduct three spacewalks from

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endeavour's airlock

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after the evas were completed the

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hatches were opened and the crew of

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expedition 1 welcomed its visitors the

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on april 19th 2001 endeavour headed to

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orbit on sts-100

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the mission delivered a new era in space

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robotics to the station the 58-foot long

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canadarm2

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endeavour's crew performed the first

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operations in history using two robotic

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arms in space working together

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endeavour's robotic arm plus the new

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station arm to complete the mission

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dual robotics operations would become a

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mainstay of future station construction

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near the end of the mission as the big

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arm handed its carrier to endeavour's

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robotic arm it marked the first robotic

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handshake in space

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between 2003 and 2006 endeavour received

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a series of upgrades and safety

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modifications

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its first flight after those upgrades

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was sts-118 in august 2007.

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the mission was a fitting one for

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endeavor as the crew included mission

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specialist and educator astronaut

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barbara morgan who served as the backup

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teacher in space to christa mcauliffe

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who was lost in the challenger accident

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morgan made her historic flight aboard

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endeavour to fulfill mcauliffe's legacy

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some of my

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mentors that have meant more than

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anything to me

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are seven very special people who i

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believe are mentors to you too and that

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was the challenger crew they were my

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teachers and i believe they are teaching

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us today still

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when endeavor completes its final

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mission it will have traveled more than

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115 million miles during 25 trips to

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space

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it will have carried 139 different

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people into orbit

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although endeavour was the final space

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shuttle to be built its career has been

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one of firsts

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and its legacy will be one of opening

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humanity's greatest eye on the universe

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and expanding the space frontier for

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nations around the world

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for an out of this world space